The purpose of the present study is to develop the expertise in assessing sustainability impacts of ESA projects and activities.In particular, the activity has the objective to:- Develop selected case studies, evaluating the sustainability impacts of selected ESA projects and activities. The objective is to provide, for the selected case studies, concise and robust quantitative and qualitative evidence, presented in a straightforward, visual and easily communicable manner.- For each case study, a set of sustainabilityimpacts should be investigated and properly assessed: o For some case studies, it has been identified that a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) should be performed, in order to evaluate the environmental impacts and identify the environmental hotspots. In addition, eco-design mitigation solutions should be proposed to reduce the environmental impacts identified through the LCA. o For each case study, a set of additional environmental impacts which are not covered by the LCA, but also relevant to the activity, should be investigated and properly assessed.- The enhancement of the existing methodology to possibly normalise all identified sustainability impacts (including environmental from LCA and additional indicators) should be investigated for all case studies, with the objective to value net sustainability impacts of the selected activities.- Drawing on lessons learned from case studies and an upcoming workshop, refine the existing conceptual framework to broaden its scope and enable a systematic evaluation of ESA activities in terms of sustainability impacts. This enhanced framework should be applicable across the full range of ESA projects and activities, encompassing environmental, social, and economic dimensions to provide a comprehensive assessment of sustainability outcomes.